The criteria for antennas for digital satellites is slightly different from that used on digital transponders. The satellites mentioned above, with the exception of P3D are all LEO's (low earth orbit) and are usually between 800 to 1000Km above the earth. Large beams are not necessary to receive PSK modulated signals. The ‘standard’ antenna being a pair of J-Poles for 2m and 70cm for passes under 30 degrees elevation. For passes at the higher angles a turnstile or Lindenblad is usually used. The turnstile is often made switchable with a phasing harness and relay allowing either RH or LH circular polarisation. (This is NOT mandatory, see CIRCULAR POLARISATION elsewhere in this publication). You can't switch polarisation on a Lindenblad antenna so two antennas are sometimes used. One designed for RH and the other designed for LH circular polarisation.
For those with Internet access, check the <AMSAT-bb hyperarchive> for
‘LA2QAA quad comparisons’ by Anthony Monteiro. An evaluation of the LA2QAA satellite quad, which performs at least as good as or better than the antennas described above, and costs much less, particularly when home made. This antenna appears in the CONSTRUCTION section.
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