Weather satellites transmit in two main frequency bands, 136-138MHz and 1691MHz. The lower frequency range is used by the NOAA and MET (Meteor) satellites, which transmit fairly powerful signals in this band. The satellites are in near polar orbits which allows the maximum coverage of the Earth’s surface. The signal transmitted by these satellites is wideband AM and requires receivers with wide filters capable of handling the signal bandwidth (50KHz). One side effect of the wide bandwidth used is that the receivers unless well designed are susceptible to 'breakthrough' from radio paging systems. If you have access to a vhf scanner you should be able to hear (but not decode) the signals from these polar orbiting 'birds' as a series of 'clip-clop-clip-clop' audio tones in the 136-138MHz band.
The REMOTE IMAGING GROUP is an amateur organisation dedicated to the area of weather satellite reception.
For the more experienced, the METEOSAT geostationary satellites transmit images 24 hours per day around 1691MHz.
The normal route to METEOSAT reception is to use a dish or loop yagi feeding the 1691MHz signal to a VHF downconverter, which in turn drives a dedicated wideband VHF receiver. In conjunction with a quad helix, eggbeater or similar omni-directional antenna for the 136-138MHz band you should be able to cover all the areas of interest. For the display of weather information there are a variety of software packages including JVFAX, a FAX-decoding program that also handles a range of image formats including SSTV.
You will need an interface between the receiver and your PC to decode weathersat images. If you have a serious interest in weather satellites, you should consider getting hold of a copy of ‘The Weather Satellite Handbook’.